Here are some key elements in robbery patterns:
Weapon choice:
The selection of weapons can vary widely among robbers. Firearms are often chosen for their intimidation factor, but they also carry higher legal penalties if caught. Knives or other edged weapons are sometimes preferred for their concealability. Some robbers use replica or toy guns to reduce legal risk while maintaining the threat level. Blunt objects or even improvised weapons might be used in opportunistic robberies. The choice often reflects the robber's access to weapons, their level of commitment to violence, and their assessment of what will be most effective in controlling victims.
Approach tactics:
Robbers employ various strategies to initiate their crimes. The surprise attack involves suddenly confronting the victim, often from behind or around a corner, to maximize shock and compliance. The deception approach might involve asking for directions or the time before revealing criminal intent. Some robbers pose as authority figures or service personnel to gain trust and access. In business robberies, robbers might enter as apparent customers before revealing their intentions. The choice of approach often depends on the target type and the robber's personal style.
Verbal strategies:
The language used during a robbery can be highly characteristic. Some robbers use aggressive, threatening language to instill fear and ensure compliance. Others might adopt a calmer tone, attempting to minimize panic and reduce the likelihood of resistance or calling attention to the crime. Specific phrases or demands can become part of a robber's signature. For example, consistently using phrases like "This is a robbery" or specific instructions like "Put the money in a bag" can form part of the MO.
Target type consistency:
Many robbers specialize in particular types of targets based on factors like perceived ease, expected payoff, and familiarity. Some focus on businesses like convenience stores or gas stations, which often have cash on hand and may be open late with few staff. Others might target individuals on the street, choosing areas known for wealthy pedestrians or tourists. Bank robberies, while less common, are often committed by individuals who specialize in this high-risk, potentially high-reward target. The consistency in target selection can be due to the robber developing expertise in a particular type of robbery or feeling more comfortable with familiar scenarios.
Time and location patterns:
Robbers often have preferred times and locations for their crimes. These patterns might be based on factors like the availability of targets, reduced police presence, or the cover of darkness. For example, street robbers might operate primarily in the evening when there are still pedestrians but visibility is lower. Commercial robbers might target businesses at opening or closing times when cash handling occurs. Location patterns could involve focusing on specific neighborhoods, near transit hubs, or in areas with quick escape routes.
Escape methods:
The way a robber leaves the scene is often a crucial and consistent part of their MO. Some prefer to escape on foot, relying on their knowledge of the area to evade capture. Others might use a vehicle, which could be their own, stolen, or driven by an accomplice. Public transportation can be used as it allows for blending into crowds quickly. Some robbers might have pre-planned routes, while others might improvise based on circumstances. The choice of escape method often reflects the robber's resources, local knowledge, and risk assessment.
Number of perpetrators:
The decision to work alone or with others is a significant aspect of a robbery MO. Solo robbers might prefer the simplicity and reduced risk of betrayal, while groups can provide more control over the situation and potential lookouts. Pairs are common, with one person typically taking a more active role while the other watches for threats or manages the escape. Larger groups might be involved in more complex operations, like armored car robberies. The number of perpetrators often correlates with the scale and complexity of the target.
Level of violence:
The degree of force used can be a consistent element in a robber's MO. Some rely purely on the threat of violence, never actually engaging in physical harm. Others might use minimal force, such as pushing or restraining victims. On the extreme end, some robbers consistently use severe violence as a means of control or even as a primary motivation alongside the theft. The level of violence can be influenced by factors like the robber's personality, past experiences, and assessment of what's necessary to accomplish their goals.
Use of disguises:
Concealment of identity is often a key concern for robbers. Some might consistently use full face coverings like masks or balaclavas. Others might opt for less conspicuous methods like sunglasses and hats. Some robbers might use more elaborate disguises, such as wigs or fake beards. The choice of disguise often balances the need for anonymity with the desire to avoid drawing attention before the robbery begins. Consistent use of certain disguise elements can become part of a robber's signature MO.
Technology use:
In the modern era, technology plays an increasing role in robbery MOs. Some robbers might consistently use technology to their advantage, such as using social media to identify potential targets or their schedules. Others might focus on disabling security systems or surveillance cameras as part of their method. On the flip side, some robbers might deliberately avoid areas with known camera coverage or eschew personal technology use to minimize digital evidence. The use or deliberate non-use of technology can be a defining aspect of a robber's MO in today's world.
